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Resistance Will Be Futile? The Stigmatization (or Not) of Whistleblowers

Does speaking up ruin one鈥檚 life? Organizational and whistleblowing research largely accept that 鈥渨histleblower鈥 is a negative label that efects one鈥檚 well-being. Whistleblowing research also emphasizes the drawn-out process of speaking up. The result is a narrative of the whistleblower as someone who sufers indefnitely. In this paper, I draw on theories of stigma, labelling, and identity, specifcally stigmatized identity, to provide a more nuanced understanding of whistleblower stigma as relational and temporary. I analyse two cases of whistleblowing, one where the label 鈥渨histleblower鈥 was accepted, and one where it was eventually rejected. By comparing how the whistleblower responds to stigmatizing and non-stigmatizing others, I explore how whistleblower stigmatization emerges, or does not, in interactions. This paper makes two important contributions. First, I add to the growing research on whistleblower stigmatization a more nuanced and developed frame-work: one that sees the interaction between whistleblowers and others as relational. Second, I provide an understanding of the identity 鈥渨histleblower鈥 as one that can be temporary and revisable. Research has highlighted how whistleblowing is a process, but little attention has been paid to how one 鈥渕oves on鈥 from being a whistleblower and the potential stigmatization associated with the role. Rather than assuming a whistleblower is stuck with this identity鈥攁nd the associated stigma鈥攆or life, I provide insight on how 鈥渨histleblower鈥 can be a positive label that opens one up to support, and even when it is stigmatized, it does not have to be an end state.

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